Fireworks not only bring fear, anxiety and confusion into the lives of animals, they can result in untold miseries of various kinds to them, some of which they are left to live with for the rest of their lives. One can only imagine what they think, feel and go through, given how much more sensitive some of their senses are than ours.

The explosions of fireworks produce light, noise and air pollution besides releasing poisonous chemicals and particle-laden smoke, contaminating our natural environment.

The explosions can emit sounds of up to 190 decibels, much higher than the 75-80 decibel range, where damage to the human ear begins. Some animals can suffer significant burns and eye damage if they are too close to fireworks explosions.

Since the fireworks season in New Zealand usually coincides with the breeding season, the farm animals can be most affected as they have their young ones with them.

Frightened livestock generally try to run away or suffer from panic attacks, and unless they are in a safe and secure place there is a very real risk they will get caught in fences, or break through fences or gates onto the roads resulting in accidents and injuries.

Farm animals can suffer serious consequences as a result of exposure to high levels of noise pollution from loud bangs.

It has been demonstrated that laying hens show extremely low egg production the day after fireworks and the eggs are often malformed as well. Horses and ponies (particularly foals) can be particularly more at risk.

Domestic and wild birds can be scared off their nests resulting in their eggs getting cold and the chicks dying. Also, roosting birds can be frightened off their perches.

Despite the increased acceptance of alternatives such as laser light shows, fireworks remain a popular way of celebration in most communities around the world.

Though they can be a source of joy and excitement for us, restrictions must be put into place to prevent the detrimental effects they have on the animal community, not to mention the harmful effects on humans. 

To begin with, the organisers of fireworks displays can be helpful by giving advanced warning notices. Sufficient public notice will allow animal caretakers ample time to take safety precautions. Fireworks safety materials that include how to protect animals from harm must be distributed in communities and released through all local media outlets prior to times of fireworks use.

Dogs and cats can be left indoors on the night of the fireworks display as long as they cannot see or hear the fireworks. The sights and sounds can be muffled by keeping interior doors and curtains closed, and by leaving a radio or TV on fairly loud to provide distracting noise.

Pets can have all the registration and contact details on their collars in case they go astray. Your vet can advise you if you have any weak or nervous pets that need special care.

Livestock can be moved to a secure well-fenced paddock well away from the fireworks display. Alternatively horses could be stabled for the night.

Apart from this, consideration must be given to alternatives to massive fireworks displays, such as laser light shows. If they are still allowed, organised displays away from residential and farm areas should be encouraged.

The displays must try to use only non-toxic and non-percussive fireworks. Proper planning, care and preparation well before the fireworks season can ensure the safety and welfare of our pets and livestock, and more enjoyment for us.